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Updated: June 3, 2025 11:08 PM IST
By Joy Pillai | Edited by Joy Pillai
Islam is set to become the fastest-growing religion in the world in the coming 35 years, as per the Pew Research Center’s latest report. The estimated Muslim population is projected to exceed 3 billion by 2060. Currently, the Muslim population in the world is about 2 billion. The report states that the reasons for the increase in the number of Muslims in the coming time are population growth rate, conversion rate, and a young population. Notably, the religion is not only growing due to a high birth rate, but the rate of maintaining religious identity is also very high.
The Pew survey, which was conducted in 13 countries, revealed that over 90 percent of people born and raised in Muslim families still consider themselves Muslims. The number of people leaving the religion and accepting another is also lower compared to Christianity, Judaism, and Hinduism. On the contrary, people leaving Islam often don’t follow any religion or identify themselves as Christians. Conversions from Christianity to Islam have been most commonly witnessed in countries like the US, Kenya, and Ghana.
Conversion is a very delicate issue in the era of religious polarisation. As per the Prew report, while religious conversion is a contentious topic, in thirteen countries, the growth of Islam attributable to conversion is under 3 percent. However, in Muslim countries like Indonesia, conversion to or other religions is less than 1 percent. The report suggests that conversion plays a minor role in the overall increase of the Muslim population.
In the Pew report, information about Hinduism has been received from only four countries – India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and America. In India and Bangladesh, almost all the people who are born and raised as Hindus still follow Hindu religion.
Religious adherence among those raised Hindu varies significantly across countries. India and Bangladesh show exceptionally high rates of continued Hindu identity, with nearly all maintaining their childhood faith. Sri Lanka exhibits a similar, though slightly lower, level of retention. In contrast, the United States displays a considerably lower rate of Hindu identity among those raised Hindu, with a notable percentage identifying as atheist, agnostic, or religiously unaffiliated. Furthermore, religious conversion from Hinduism to Christianity is observed in Sri Lanka. Surveys suggest that India and Bangladesh demonstrate the strongest religious stability, with the vast majority of both Hindus and Muslims retaining their birth religions, indicating robust religious and cultural influences within their societies.
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